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We’ve scoured the Letters of Note archives once again, this time for notes from men who would hold or were holding the highest office in the land. Here are ten of our favorite letters from the presidents. (There’s a Letters of Note book in the works — learn more and preorder a copy here.)

1. “Liberty-loving people everywhere march with you.”

General Eisenhower’s Order of the Day on June 5, 1944, was a call-to-arms for members of the allied forces before they would begin a two-pronged assault under the codename Operation Neptune. As sailors and soldiers geared up for D-day, the following letter was distributed just hours before they landed in Normandy. Eisenhower wouldn’t be president for another nine years, but the letter stands as one of the most important military documents in history.

Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force!

You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.

Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle hardened. He will fight savagely.

But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory!

I have full confidence in your courage and devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory!

Good luck! And let us beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking.

(Signed, ‘Dwight D. Eisenhower’)

2. “I would have empty pockets and nothing to gain.”

As a new Boy Scout, 10-year-old John Fitzgerald Kennedy knew better than anyone that success is not cheap. His weekly allowance of 40 cents just couldn’t cover the costs of basic survival gear, and so the future president wrote this no-nonsense letter to his father to request an increase in funds.

A Plea for a raise
By Jack Kennedy

Dedicated to my
Mr. J. P. Kennedy

Chapter I

My recent allowance is 40¢. This I used for areoplanes and other playthings of childhood but now I am a scout and I put away my childish things. Before I would spend 20¢ of my ¢.40 allowance and in five minutes I would have empty pockets and nothing to gain and 20¢ to lose. When I a a scout I have to buy canteens, haversacks, blankets, searchlidgs, poncho things that will last for years and I can always use it while I can’t use a cholcalote marshmellow sunday with vanilla ice cream and so I put in my plea for a raise of thirty cents for me to buy scout things and pay my own way more around.

Finis
John Fitzgerald Francis Kennedy

3. “What I want you to know as a father is this.”

On New Year’s Eve of 1990, then-president George H. W. Bush was just returning from Camp David, where he’d spent the holidays with his family and worried over the mounting tensions in Kuwait during operation Desert Storm. He sent the following letter to his wife and kids shortly afterward.

Dear George, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, Doro,

I am writing this letter on the last day of 1991./

First, I can’t begin to tell you how great it was to have you here at Camp David. I loved the games (the Marines are still smarting over their 1 and 2 record), I loved Christmas Day, marred only by the absence of Sam and Ellie. I loved the movies- some of ‘em- I loved the laughs. Most of all, I loved seeing you together. We are a family blessed; and this Christmas simply reinforced all that.

I hope I didn’t seem moody. I tried not to.

When I came into this job I vowed that I would never ring my hands and talk about “the loneliest job in the world” or ring my hands about the “pressures or the trials”.

Having said that I have been concerned about what lies ahead. There is no ‘loneliness’ though, because I am backed by a first rate team of knowledgeable and committed people. No president has been more blessed in this regard..

I have thought long and hard about what might have to be done. As I write this letter at Year’s end, there is still some hope that Iraq’s dictator will pull out of Kuwait. I vary on this. Sometimes I think he might, at others I think he simply is too unrealistic- too ignorant of what he might face. I have the peace of mind that comes from knowing that we have tried hard for peace. We have gone to the uN; we have formed an historic coalition; there have been diplomatic initiatives from country after country.

And so here we are a scant 16 days from a very important date- the date set by the uN for his total compliance with all UN resolutions including getting out of Kuwait- totally.

I guess what I want you to know as a father is this: Every human life is precious. When the question is asked “How many lives are you willing to sacrifice?”- it tears at my heart. The answer, of course, is none- none at all. We have waited to give sanctions a chance, we have moved a tremendous force so as to reduce the risk to every American soldier if force has to be used; but the question of loss of life still lingers and plagues the heart.

My mind goes back to history:

How many lives might have been saved if appeasement had given way to force earlier on in the late ’30′s or earliest ’40′s? How many Jews might have been sapred the gas chambers, or how many Polish patriots might be alive today? I look at today’s crisis as “good” vs. “evil”…. yes, it is that clear.

I know my stance must cause you a little grief from time to time; and this hurts me; but here at ‘years-end’ I just wanted you to know that I feel:

- every human life is precious.. the little Iraqi kids’ too.

- Principle must be adhered to- Saddam cannot profit in any way at all from his aggression and from his brutalizing the people of Kuwait.

- and sometimes in life you have to act as you think best – you can’t compromise, you can’t give in….even if your critics are loud and numerous.

So, dear kids- batten down the hatches.

Senator Inouye of Hawaii told me: “Mr. President, do what you have to do. If it is quick and successful everyone can take the credit. If it is drawn out, then be prepared for some in Congress to file impeachment papers against you”… that’s what he said, and he’s 100% correct.

And so I shall say a few more prayers, mainly for our kids in the Gulf, and I shall do what must be done, and I shall be strengthened every day by our family love which lifts me up every single day of my life.

I am the luckiest dad in the whole wide world-

I love you, Happy New Year and May God Bless every one of you and all in your family.

Devotedly,
Dad

4. “Part of playing for high stakes under great pressure is the constant risk of mental error.”

It was April 5, 1993, and there were 11 seconds on the clock. Down by two in the NCAA championship game, Michigan star Chris Webber called a timeout. But Michigan had no timeouts left. Webber’s mistake resulted in a technical foul that clinched the title for North Carolina. A few days later, he received this letter from President Clinton.

Dear Chris,

I have been thinking of you a lot since I sat glued to the TV during the championship game.

I know that there may be nothing I or anyone else can say to ease the pain and disappointment of what happened.

Still, for whatever it’s worth, you, and your team, were terrific. And part of playing for high stakes under great pressure is the constant risk of mental error. I know. I have lost two political races and made countless mistakes over the last twenty years. What matters is the intensity, integrity, and courage you bring to the effort. That is certainly what you have done. You can always regret what occurred but don’t let it get you down or take away the satisfaction of what you have accomplished.

You have a great future. Hang in there.

Sincerely,
Bill Clinton

5. “If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong.”

The United States had been at war with itself for three years when President Lincoln wrote the following letter to A.G. Hodges. His intent was to record and clarify some points he’d made in conversation regarding the recruitment of slaves as Union soldiers and his opinions on the institution of slavery in general. The best lines, surely, are from the beginning: “I am naturally anti-slavery. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. I cannot remember when I did not so think, and feel.”

My dear Sir:

You ask me to put in writing the substance of what I verbally said the other day, in your presence, to Governor Bramlette and Senator Dixon. It was about as follows:

“I am naturally anti-slavery. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. I can not remember when I did not so think, and feel. And yet I have never understood that the Presidency conferred upon me an unrestricted right to act officially upon this judgment and feeling. It was in the oath I took that I would, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. I could not take the office without taking the oath. Nor was it my view that I might take an oath to get power, and break the oath in using the power. I understood, too, that in ordinary civil administration this oath even forbade me to practically indulge my primary abstract judgment on the moral question of slavery. I had publicly declared this many times, and in many ways. And I aver that, to this day, I have done no official act in mere deference to my abstract judgment and feeling on slavery. I did understand however, that my oath to preserve the constitution to the best of my ability, imposed upon me the duty of preserving, by every indispensable means, that government — that nation — of which that constitution was the organic law. Was it possible to lose the nation, and yet preserve the constitution? By general law life and limb must be protected; yet often a limb must be amputated to save a life; but a life is never wisely given to save a limb. I felt that measures, otherwise unconstitutional, might become lawful, by becoming indispensable to the preservation of the constitution, through the preservation of the nation. Right or wrong, I assumed this ground, and now avow it. I could not feel that, to the best of my ability, I had even tried to preserve the constitution, if, to save slavery, or any minor matter, I should permit the wreck of government, country, and Constitution all together. When, early in the war, Gen. Fremont attempted military emancipation, I forbade it, because I did not then think it an indispensable necessity. When a little later, Gen. Cameron, then Secretary of War, suggested the arming of the blacks, I objected, because I did not yet think it an indispensable necessity. When, still later, Gen. Hunter attempted military emancipation, I again forbade it, because I did not yet think the indispensable necessity had come. When, in March, and May, and July 1862 I made earnest, and successive appeals to the border states to favor compensated emancipation, I believed the indispensable necessity for military emancipation, and arming the blacks would come, unless averted by that measure. They declined the proposition; and I was, in my best judgment, driven to the alternative of either surrendering the Union, and with it, the Constitution, or of laying strong hand upon the colored element. I chose the latter. In choosing it, I hoped for greater gain than loss; but of this, I was not entirely confident. More than a year of trial now shows no loss by it in our foreign relations, none in our home popular sentiment, none in our white military force, — no loss by it any how or any where. On the contrary, it shows a gain of quite a hundred and thirty thousand soldiers, seamen, and laborers. These are palpable facts, about which, as facts, there can be no cavilling. We have the men; and we could not have had them without the measure.

And now let any Union man who complains of the measure, test himself by writing down in one line that he is for subduing the rebellion by force of arms; and in the next, that he is for taking these hundred and thirty thousand men from the Union side, and placing them where they would be but for the measure he condemns. If he can not face his case so stated, it is only because he can not face the truth.

I add a word which was not in the verbal conversation. In telling this tale I attempt no compliment to my own sagacity. I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me. Now, at the end of three years struggle the nation’s condition is not what either party, or any man devised, or expected. God alone can claim it. Whither it is tending seems plain. If God now wills the removal of a great wrong, and wills also that we of the North as well as you of the South, shall pay fairly for our complicity in that wrong, impartial history will find therein new cause to attest and revere the justice and goodness of God.

Yours truly,
A. Lincoln

6. “To unite, or not to unite?”

George Washington had just overseen the creation of the Constitution and was actively rallying for ratification when he wrote this letter to his nephew—a delegate for the Virginia State Ratifying Convention. Knowing that he had an opportunity to address objections from Antifederalists, the future first president wasted no space in his four-page argument.

Dear Bushrod,

In due course of Post, I received your letters of the 19th & 26th Ult.; and since, the one which you committed to the care of Mr Powell. I thank you for the communications therein, & for a continuation, in matters of importance, I shall be obliged to you.

That the Assembly would afford the people an opportunity of deciding on the proposed Constitution I had hardly a doubt; the only question with me was, whether it would go forth under favourable auspices, or be branded with the mark of disapprobation. The opponents, I expected, (for it has ever been, that the adversaries to a measure are more active than its friends) would endeavour to give it an unfavourable complexion, with a view to biass the public mind. This, evidently, is the case with the writers in opposition; for their objections are better calculated to alarm the fears, than to convince the judgment of their readers. They build them upon principles which do not exist in the Constitution—which the known & litteral sense of it, does not support them in; and this too, after being flatly told that they are treading on untenable ground and after an appeal has been made to the letter, & spirit thereof, for proof: and then, as if the doctrine was uncontrovertable, draw such consequences as are necessary to rouse the apprehensions of the ignorant, & unthinking. It is not the interest of the major part of these characters to be convinced; nor will their local views yield to arguments which do not accord with their present, or future prospects; and yet, a candid solution of a single question, to which the understanding of almost every man is competent, must decide the point in dispute—namely—is it best for the States to unite, or not to unite?

If there are men who prefer the latter, then, unquestionably, the Constitution which is offered, must, in their estimation, be inadmissible from the first Word to the last signature, inclusively. But those who may think differently, and yet object to parts of it, would do well to consider, that it does not lye with one State, nor with a minority of the States, to superstruct a Constitution for the whole. The seperate interests, as far as it is practicable, must be consolidated—and local views as far as the general good will admit, must be attended to. Hence it is that every state has some objection to the proposed form; and that these objections are directed to different points. That which is most pleasing to one, is obnoxious to another, and vice versa. If then the Union of the whole is a desirable object, the parts which compose it, must yield a little in order to accomplish it; for without the latter, the former is unattainable. For I again repeat it, that not a single state nor a minority of the States, can force a Constitution on the majority. But admitting they had (from their importance) the power to do it, will it not be granted that the attempt would be followed by civil commotions of a very serious nature? But to sum up the whole, let the opponants of the proposed Constitution, in this State, be asked—it is a question they ought certainly to have asked themselves; What line of conduct they would advise it to adopt, if nine other States should accede to it, of which I think there is little doubt? Would they recommend that it should stand on its own basis—seperate & distinct from the rest? Or would they connect it with Rhode Island, or even say two others, checkerwise, & remain with them as outcasts from the Society, to shift for themselves? or will they advise a return to our former dependence on Great Britain for their protection & support? or lastly would they prefer the mortification of comg in, when they will have no credit there from? I am sorry to add in this place that Virginians entertain too high an opinion of the importance of their own Country. In extent of territory—In number of Inhabitants (of all descriptions) & In wealth I will readily grant that it certainly stands first in the Union; but in point of strength, it is, comparitively, weak. To this point, my opportunities authorise me to speak, decidedly; and sure I am, in every point of view, in which the subject can be placed, it is not (considering also the Geographical situation of the State) more the interest of any one of them to confederate, than it is the one in which we live.

The warmest friends to and the best supporters of the Constitution, do not contend that it is free from imperfections; but these were not to be avoided, and they are convinced if evils are likely to flow from them, that the remedy must come thereafter; because, in the present moment it is not to be obtained. And as there is a Constitutional door open for it, I think the people (for it is with them to judge) can, as they will have the aid of experience on their side, decide with as much propriety on the alterations and amendments wch shall be found necessary, as ourselves; for I do not conceive that we are more inspired—have more wisdem—or possess more virtue than those who will come after us. The power under the Constitution will always be with the people. It is entrusted for certain defined purposes and for a certain limited period to representatives of their own chusing; and whenever it is exercised contrary to their interests, or not according to their wishes, their Servants can, and undoubtedly will be, recalled. There will not be wanting those who will bring forward complaints of mal-administration whensoever they occur. To say that the Constitution may be strained, and an improper interpretation given to some of the clauses or articles of it, will apply to any that can be framed—in a word renders any one nugatory—for not one, more than another, can be binding, if the spirit and letter of the expression is disregarded. It is agreed on all hands that no government can be well administred without powers; and yet, the instant these are delegated, altho those who are entrusted with the Administration are taken from the people—return shortly to them again—and must feel the bad effect of oppressive measures—the persons holding them, as if their natures were immediately metamorphosed, are denominated tyrants and no disposition is allowed them, but to do wrong. Of these things in a government so constituted and guarded as the proposed one is, I can have no idea; and do firmly believe that whilst many ostensible reasons are held out against the adoption of it the true ones are yet behind the Curtain; not being of a nature to appear in open day. I believe further, supposing these objections to be founded in purity itself that as great evils result from too much jealousy, as from the want of it. And I adduce several of the Constitutions of these States, as proof thereof. No man is a warmer advocate for proper restraints, and wholesome checks in every department of government than I am; but neither my reasoning, nor my experience, has yet been able to discover the propriety of preventing men from doing good, because there is a possibility of their doing evil.

If Mr Ronald can place the finances of this Country upon so respectable a footing as he has intimated, he will deserve its warmest, and most grateful thanks. In the attempt, my best wishes—which is all I have to offer—will accompany him.

I hope there remains virtue enough in the Assembly of this State, to preserve inviolate public treaties, and private contracts. If these are infringed, farewell to respectability, and safety in the Government.

I never possessed a doubt, but if any had ever existed in my breast, re-iterated proofs would have convinced me of the impolicy, of all commutable taxes. If wisdom is not to be acquired from experience, where is it to be found? But why ask the question? Is it not believed by every one that these are time-serving jobs by which a few are enriched, at the public expence! but whether the plan originates for this purpose, or is the child of ignorance, oppression is the result.

You have, I find, broke the ice (as the saying is). one piece of advice only I will give you on the occasion (if you mean to be a respectable member, and to entitle yourself to the Ear of the House)—and that is—except in local matters which respect your Constituants and to which you are obliged, by duty, to speak, rise but seldom—let this be on important matters—and then make yourself thoroughly acquainted with the subject. Never be agitated by more than a decent warmth, & offer your sentiments with modest diffidence—opinions thus given, are listened to with more attention than when delivered in a dictatorial stile. The latter, if attended to at all, altho they may force conviction, is sure to convey disgust also.

Your aunt, and the family here join me in every good wish for you. and I am with sentiments of great regd and Affecte.—Yours

G:o Washington

P.S. The letter you sent by Mr Powell for Nancy was forwarded next day to Doctr Brown, for the best conveyance that should offer from alexandria.

7. “This note is to warn you of a diabolical plot.”

Ronald Reagan was still governor of California in 1972, but his note to Nancy on their 20th wedding anniversary may just be the single greatest letter of all time.

My Darling Wife

This note is to warn you of a diabolical plot entered into by some of our so called friends – (ha!) calendar makers and even our own children. These and others would have you believe we’ve been married 20 years.

20 minutes maybe – but never 20 years. In the first place it is a known fact that a human cannot sustain the high level of happiness I feel for more than a few minutes – and my happiness keeps increasing.

I will confess to one puzzlement but I’m sure it is just some trick perpetrated by our friends – (Ha again!) I can’t remember ever being without you and I know I was born more than 20 mins ago.

Oh well – that isn’t important. The important thing is I don’t want to be without you for the next 20 years, or 40, or however many there are. I’ve gotten very used to being happy and I love you very much indeed.

Your Husband of 20 something or other.

8. “Our total love for you is everlasting.”

Betty Ford was diagnosed with breast cancer just a month after her husband took office. While she debated whether or not to discuss her illness publicly, Ford wrote her this letter of encouragement and support. Afterwards, the first lady would help raise awareness for breast cancer and later, after struggling with alcoholism, found the Betty Ford Center.

Dearest Mom

No written words can adequately express our deep, deep love. We know how great you are and we, the children and Dad, will try to be as strong as you.

Our Faith in you and God will sustain us. Our total love for you is everlasting.

We will be at your side with our love for a wonderful Mom.

xxxx
Jerry

9. “So full of just and generous sympathy.”

Just under two years before slavery was abolished, a group of Massachusetts schoolchildren petitioned Abraham Lincoln to free all slaves under the age of 18. The president was so moved by the 195 signatures (which he dubbed the “Little People’s Petition”) that he replied immediately. This letter sold for $ 3.4 million in a 2008 Sotheby’s auction.

Mrs. Horace Mann

Madam

The petition of persons under eighteen, praying that I would free all slave children, and the heading of which petition it appears you wrote, was handed me a few days since by Senator Sumner. Please tell these little people I am very glad their young hearts are so full of just and generous sympathy, and that, while I have not the power to grant all they ask, I trust they will remember that God has, and that, as it seems, He wills to do it.

Yours truly
A. Lincoln

10. “I’ve come to the conclusion that you are an ‘eight ulcer man on four ulcer pay.’”

When critically reviewing a performance by the only child of the president, it’s probably best to go easy. In December 1950, President Harry Truman’s daughter Margaret held a concert in Constitution Hall; while most agreed that the young singer lacked real talent, she was well-liked and supported. Except by Washington Post music critic Paul Hume, who in his review said (among many other things) that “Miss Truman cannot sing very well.” Harry was unhappy. Just how unhappy is probably best illustrated by the letter he sent Hume.

Mr. Hume:-

I’ve just read your lousy review of Margaret’s concert. I’ve come to the conclusion that you are an “eight ulcer man on four ulcer pay.”

It seems to me that you are a frustrated old man who wishes he could have been successful. When you write such poppy-cock as was in the back section of the paper you work for it shows conclusively that you’re off the beam and at least four of your ulcers are at work.

Some day I hope to meet you. When that happens you’ll need a new nose, a lot of beefsteak for black eyes, and perhaps a supporter below!

Pegler, a gutter snipe, is a gentleman alongside you. I hope you’ll accept that statement as a worse insult than a reflection on your ancestry.

H.S.T.

Don’t forget to check out the upcoming Letters of Note book!

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© Yslb Pak/Xinhua Press/Corbis

The U.S. Joint Special Functions Command (JSOC, pronounced: JAY-sock) is best recognized for the Osama bin Laden raid. But it has lengthy served as the president’s key army, arranging and executing the most hazardous, extremely categorized missions of the United States military. In 2009, its snipers rescued an American ship captain held captive by Somali pirates. In 2003, JSOC hunted down and captured Saddam Hussein in the vicinity of Tikrit, Iraq. In 1993, two Delta snipers attained posthumous Congressional Medals of Honor for steps during the Battle of Mogadishu (a JSOC operation portrayed in Black Hawk Down). And before that, members of the Command had been tracking Scud missiles for the duration of the Gulf War and slithering down ropes in Panama. Right here are a handful of things about the president’s solution army that you might not know.

one. When you hear “Delta Pressure” or “SEAL Staff 6,” they’re speaking about JSOC.

The U.S. Army Delta Power (formally the Overcome Programs Group) and the U.S. Navy SEAL Crew 6 (formally the Naval Particular Warfare Development Team) are JSOC’s elite tier-one forces. They conduct the nation’s black functions, and function in absolute secrecy. When an operator from one of these units is killed in action, the Office of Protection normally releases his name with a go over story for the demise. (A education accident, for instance.)

2. When SEAL Crew Six was proven, there were only two SEAL groups.

In 1980, Richard Marcinko, commander of SEAL Team 2, was tasked with forming a new U.S. Navy counterterrorist unit. He named it SEAL Team Six to trick Soviet intelligence into believing the United States had at minimum 3 other commando units entirely unaccounted for.

three. JSOC can reconstruct documents that have been burned.

When JSOC teams accumulate intelligence on the battlefield, they reward from a quiet revolution in document exploitation (DOCEX) tactics. Algorithms assign values to info dependent on the probability that a faint “I” is indeed an “I.” The upshot is that DOCEX specialists can even reconstruct documents that have been burned past recognition.

four. The aircraft employed in the Bin Laden raid have been from Region 51.

Specially modified helicopters carried Red Squadron of SEAL Staff Six to Abbottabad, Pakistan, for the raid on Osama bin Laden’s compound. The Black Hawks had been fitted with top secret radar-spoofing technology permitting U.S. forces to slip throughout the border unnoticed. These stealth aircraft ended up produced and tested at the notorious Location 51, close to Groom Lake, Nevada. They are of earthly origin.

5. The president’s secret army is everywhere.

Alongside the Central Intelligence Agency, operators from Delta Force and SEAL Team 6 infiltrated China to map the areas of Chinese satellite transmission facilities. It has operated in Peru, monitoring members of Hezbollah and the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. And a JSOC group typically shadows the president of the United States when he is abroad, in the celebration of a catastrophic breakdown by U.S. Key Service.

6. There is a rivalry in between Delta Power and SEAL Crew Six.

The places of operation in the war had been sooner or later divided between Delta Power running functions in Iraq, and SEAL Crew Six liable for Afghanistan. Appropriately, the former captured Saddam Hussein and the latter killed Osama bin Laden. But for reasons obvious, the two models wished Bin Laden. When the mission went to SEAL Team Six, some complained that it was due to the fact navy admirals commanded each JSOC and the U.S. Special Operations Command. Shortly right after the mission, a really categorized roster of the males on the Abbottabad raid in some way leaked to the press. (It was by no means published.) Within JSOC, Delta guys blamed SEAL men for basking in the spotlight and inviting the focus.

7. There is a JSOC base in a main European airport.

An arm’s toss absent from folks deplaning for European household holidays is a JSOC counterterrorist unit on notify and ready to depart anyplace in the planet at a instant’s recognize.

eight. Common Stanley McChrystal was acknowledged as the Pope.

For the duration of the 1993 siege on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, JSOC supplied gear and trainers to federal forces. (JSOC did not participate in the raid.) At the time, Lawyer Basic Janet Reno complained that getting data out of JSOC was like attempting to pry free the Vatican’s secrets and techniques. Some jokingly known as the commander of JSOC “the Pope,” but it wasn’t till Stanley McChrystal took charge in 2003 that the name caught. In a lot of techniques a warrior-monk, he was acknowledged for relentless schedules, minimum sleep, intense physical fitness, and ingesting only a single meal a day. When he left JSOC, he took the papacy with him.

9. JSOC developed courtrooms in Iraq.

Shortly immediately after William McRaven assumed command of JSOC in 2008, he faced a Position of Forces Arrangement with Iraq that prevented U.S. counterterrorism forces from conducting raids with out warrants. Warrants were an alien concept to the president’s secret army. Though there was inner resistance, Admiral McRaven insisted on subsequent the arrangement. To do so, he directed JSOC to develop courthouses all through Iraq, and flew in JAG officers to perform with Iraqi judges. The system labored. JSOC personnel would testify and judges would concern warrants. This facilitated greater have confidence in between the Iraqi authorities and the U.S. commandos it empowered.

10. There was a JSOC equivalent to the Division of Pre-Crime.

In Minority Report, a police company arranged around psychics and devices can predict a crime just before it takes place. In Iraq, the president’s solution army had some thing equivalent. A project codenamed NGA SKOPE allowed JSOC to merge data gathered from just about any intelligence supply and predict, based mostly on designs of movements, where insurgents ended up probably to be and what they have been probable to do. (For instance: The recorded spots and orientations of insurgents’ automobiles throughout 1 IED strike produced it feasible to predict potential assaults based on similar movements.)
* * * *
The Command: Deep Inside the President’s Key Army by Marc Ambinder and D.B. Grady (John Wiley & Sons, 2012) is now readily available at Amazon and the Apple iBooks retailer.

D.B. Grady is a freelance author and novelist. He is coauthor of The Command: Deep Within the President’s Top secret Army, writer of Red Planet Noir, and a correspondent for The Atlantic. He lives in Baton Rouge with his wife and loved ones, and can be identified at dbgrady.com.

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When shocking pictures ended up released of Omari, a encounter-slashing victim who was functioning solitary-handedly to defend an orphanage from roving thugs in Kenya, Reddit end users stepped up to help the youngsters Omari practically died defending. The authentic post asking for assist requested a meager $ 2,000 to build a stability wall all around the orphanage to protect the children inside of. But in less than a day, generous web site consumers had already contributed about $ 70,000.

With the substantial volume of assistance presented, the charity accountable for elevating funds was in a position to commence perform on the safety wall inside of 24 several hours of the initial attack. Since then, the team has expanded their targets to help the lengthy-expression stability of the orphanage, like acquiring the building and land to stay away from troubles arising from the periodic inability to pay out rent. Their new fundraising target is $ two hundred,000 and the team is already halfway there.

If you’d like to assist, you can donate on the Longonot Training Initiative website.

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The line about the “stinking badges” created the American Film Institute’s listing of the a hundred very best movie rates at any time. Everybody is aware it, even if they don’t know in which it arrived from.

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre

The classic line arrived from the 1948 Bogie movie The Treasure of the Sierra Madre. This clip tends to make it distinct that most people who estimate it are not quoting it exactly.
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Blazing Saddles

The scene was parodied in the 1974 Mel Brooks vintage Blazing Saddles. This misquoted version caught close to, and grew to become the line every person afterward used.
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UHF

Weird Al Yankovic modified the lines just a small to operate in his 1989 film UHF.
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21 Leap Road

This clip is from an episode shown in February of 1990.
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Ben ten: Alien Force

This episode aired someplace among 2008 and 2010.
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Civil War Re-enactors

The rebel troops have an answer for almost everything!
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Animation Festival Advertisement

This was created to promote the Outlaw Impartial Animation Display that was held just last month.
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Parrot

You don’t even have to be individual to value a good film line!
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Stinking Badges

This compilation made in 2006 consists of seem clips from numerous other sources that aren’t accessible in on the internet movies.

Understand a lot more about this exceptionally long lasting line at the Stinking Badges Homepage.

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© Bettmann/CORBIS

On this date in 1959, Fidel Castro became the Prime Minister of Cuba. Given that then, in accordance to the gentleman who was billed with protecting him for most of his routine, he’s survived above 600 assassination attempts. Fabian Escalante, the former head of the Cuban Secret Services, claims that the assassination endeavors break down like this: the Eisenhower administration experimented with to destroy Castro 38 times Kennedy, 42 Johnson, 72 Nixon, 184 Carter, 64 Reagan, 197 Bush Sr., 16 Clinton, 21. (The accuracy of Escalante’s figures, particularly makes an attempt because the Nixon administration, is in dispute.) There are only so several different ways you can ambush someone with a sharp shooter, so some of the approaches the CIA plotted to destroy Castro ended up quite wild. Listed here are just a few of the unorthodox approaches deemed to oust the Beard.

1. Femme fatale. Marita Lorenz, just a single of a lot of ladies Castro counted as a mistress, allegedly recognized a deal from the CIA in which she would feed him capsules crammed with poison. She managed to get as far as smuggling the pills into his bedroom in her jar of cold cream, but the pills dissolved in the cream and she doubted her capacity to force-feed Castro confront lotion, and she also just chickened out. In accordance to Lorenz, Castro by some means figured out her strategy and offered her his gun. “I can’t do it, Fidel,” she told him.

two. Poisoned wetsuit. Whilst there’s absolutely nothing suspicious about acquiring random diving gear from your enemy correct in the middle of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the CIA gave it a shot. In 1975, the Senate Intelligence Committee claimed it had “concrete evidence” of a strategy to offer Castro a wetsuit lined with spores and bacteria that would give him a skin condition (and maybe worse). The program supposedly concerned American law firm James B. Donovan, who would existing Castro with the fit when he went to negotiate the release of the Bay of Pigs prisoners. A 1975 AP report said the plan was abandoned “because Donovan gave Castro a different diving match on his own initiative.”

three. Ballpoint hypodermic syringe. An ordinary-seeking pen would be rigged with a hypodermic needle so very good that Castro would not notice when an individual bumped into him with the pen and injected him with an really powerful poison.

four. Exploding cigar. But this was no parlor trick – this cigar would have been packed with adequate true explosives to consider Fidel’s head off. In 1967, the Saturday Evening Submit documented that a New York Town police officer had been propositioned with the idea and hoped to carry it out for the duration of Castro’s United Countries go to in September 1960.

5. Contaminated cigar. They may possibly have presented up on the TNT stogie, but the thought of spiking his smokes was nevertheless being floated all around. The CIA even went as far as to recruit a double agent who would slip Castro a cigar crammed with botulin, a toxin that would eliminate the leader in short purchase. The double agent was allegedly offered the cigars in February of 1961, but he apparently received cold feet.

6. Exploding conch shell. Understanding that Castro liked to scuba dive, the CIA made plans to plant an explosive product in a conch shell at his beloved spot. They plotted to make the shell brightly colored and uncommon seeking so it would be confident to draw in Castro’s attention, drawing him shut enough to destroy him when the bomb within went off.

7. Nair. Effectively, maybe not that manufacturer especially, but in accordance to that 1975 Senate Intelligence Committee report, the U.S. thought that messing with Castro’s beard was messing with the man’s electrical power. The CIA figured that the loss of the beard would display Cubans that Castro was weak and fallible. A 50 percent-baked scheme was hatched to use thallium salt, the chemical in depilatory items this sort of as Nair, in Castro’s sneakers or in his cigar. The chemical would be absorbed or inhaled and lead to the well-known facial hair to fall out. (Wait around, was not this an episode of Get Intelligent?)

eight. LSD. In what was mostly an energy to discredit Fidel, not kill him, a radio station wherever Castro was offering a are living broadcast would be bombarded with an aerosol spray made up of a compound similar to LSD. When Fidel had the requisite freak out are living on the air, Cubans would think he had missing his brain and cease trusting him.

9. Handkerchief teeming with deadly germs. The CIA was seemingly obsessed with covering Fidel in dangerous germs and harmful toxins, simply because they also deemed offering him a germ-coated hankie that would make him really unwell.

10. Poisoned milkshake. According to Escalante, the closest the CIA ever before came to killing Castro was a lethal dessert drink in 1963. The attempt went awry when the pill caught to the freezer where the waiter-assassin at the Havana Hilton was meant to retrieve it. When he tried using to unstick it, the capsule ripped open up.

More from psychological_floss…

Thomas Edison’s Eccentric Occupation Interview Questionnaire — A Cheat Sheet
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eleven Notes on Alfred W. Lawson, Founder of the Weirdest College Ever

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Thomas Edison had an encyclopedic memory, and by the early 1920s, he had turn into increasingly disappointed by the fact that school graduates implementing to operate for him did not have a prosperity of expertise equivalent to his own. To examination the mental mettle of incoming task seekers, he administered to each a series of one hundred fifty inquiries, tailored to the position for which they have been implementing. Some had been specific to the industry, while others have been mysterious. Masons, for instance, required to know who assassinated President Lincoln.

Other folks were topical (In what metropolitan areas are hats and shoes produced?) and are now outdated (What telescope is most significant in the planet?). But just in case the Edison Quiz fad ever returns, here’s a cheat sheet to help you learn some of the finer points. Very good luck!

Who was Francis Marion?
An officer in the Revolutionary War, usually cited as getting the father of guerilla warfare. His talent at clandestinely relocating troops by dressing drably and employing swamp paths earned him the nickname “Old Swamp Fox.”

Wherever is the River Volga?
Oh, the longest river in Europe? Russia, of study course.

Who invented logarithms?
Scottish mathematician and ruff-wearer John Napier, in the mid 1600s. He also combined the perform of Italian mathematician Fibonacci and Ottomon genius-of-all-trades Matrakçı Nasuh to invent the awesomely named “Napier’s Bones,” an abacus-like method of numbered rods that completely transform multiplication, division, and exponents into a easy addition and subtraction.

What is the first line in The Aeneid?

Arms, and the gentleman I sing, who, forced by fate
And haughty Juno’s unrelenting loathe
Expelled and exiled, still left the Trojan shore:
Lengthy labors, each by sea and land, he bore
And in the uncertain war, ahead of he won
The Latin realm and developed the destined town,
His banished gods restored to rights divine,
And settled confident succession in his line
From whence the race of Alban fathers arrive,
And the extended glories of majestic Rome.
– Virgil, and translated by John Dryden.

Notice: The colon right after “shore” is disputed, so we incorporate the total initial stanza for very good measure. Playwright George Bernard Shaw would have appropriately answered this one particular, as evidenced by the title of his 1894 participate in Arms and the Man.

What war substance did Chile export to the Allies throughout the War?
Sodium nitrate, which was used to produce gunpowder, and manufactured Chile quite prosperous. Nitratine appeared there in this sort of large deposits, the mineral is also identified as Chile saltpeter.

A query tailored to cabinetmakers: Who was the Roman emperor when Jesus Christ was born?
Caesar Augustus, Sept. 23, 63 BC—Aug. 19, 14 Ad.

Exactly where is the Sargasso Sea?
The only “sea” to be totally surrounded by h2o, the Sargasso is really an elliptical patch of the North Atlantic, around Bermuda. The water in this location is reasonably relaxed and heavy with seaweed (sargassum weed, in fact), trapped there by the encompassing currents: the Canary Current at the northeast, the Northern Equatorial Current along the south, and the Gulf Stream on the northwest.

Since of the Sargasso’s relative lower precipitation, higher evaporation, light winds, warm temperatures and higher salinity, experts used to believe it was a kind of oceanic desert they knew aquatic creatures created their habitat in the sargassum, but assumed the drinking water wasn’t hospitable to plankton. Much more not long ago, even so, mysterious plankton blooms recommend that the area is “far a lot more effective than we could describe…” according to Dennis McGillicuddy, oceanographer and leader on the Eddies Dynamics, Mixing, Export, and Species composition (EDDIES) project. Set that in your pipe, Edison.

Of what is brass made?
Brass is an alloy of zinc and copper. People commenced generating brass as early as the Neolithic era, though historical texts frequently use the expression brass when they indicate bronze – an alloy of copper and tin.

Who was Leonidas?
The army king of historic Sparta who heroically led a mere three hundred men in the fight towards substantial Persian forces in the battle of Thermopylae. Confident, he had some help from other Greeks, but the three hundred factor is his legacy. So a lot so, he’s now most famous for staying the person who yells “This! Is! Spartaaaa!”

Who found out the X-ray?
The evident reply to this question is Wilhelm Röntgen, who, in 1895, famously mentioned the effects of a mysterious new type of ray that appeared as a byproduct of his experiments with Crookes tubes. He called his discovery the “X ray,” to show its yet mysterious attributes, then went on to just take a broadly publicized X-ray print of the bones of his wife’s hand, and ultimately won a Nobel prize in 1901 for his achievements. Nevertheless, many other physicists produced similar discoveries while experimenting with Crookes tubes about the same time. Amongst them: Nikola Tesla, Edison’s effectively-acknowledged rival. Edison had himself experimented with X-rays for a time, and was absolutely aware of the variations in the X-ray origin story among his colleagues. This question suggests an eagerness to advertise his favorite model.

Wherever do we get shellac?
You almost certainly know shellac as a term typically used to wood varnish, which is really a combination of alcohol and the obviously occurring thermoplastic resin also called shellac. But did you know the latter shellac is created and secreted by the lac insect (Laccifer lacca), a form of scale bug somewhat relevant to aphids and cicadas? Appropriate shellac is also utilised commercially in merchandise like sealing wax, hairspray, even and cake glazes and anti-caking agents in candy. Vegans beware.

Why is cast iron called Pig Iron?
Contemporary-day metal workers would argue that cast iron and pig iron are not specifically the same point, but what Edison probably meant by pig iron was the raw material employed in producing iron and steel. Back in the day, pig iron was melted into casts that resembled child piglets suckling from their mother. Likewise, iron employees employed to contact the iron in the adjoining lateral channel “the sow.”

Who was Bessemer and what did he do?
Henry Bessemer invented the Bessemer process, which revolutionized mass production of steel. From pig iron. See? We’re studying!

What huge river in the United States flows from south to north?
The longest northerly flowing river in the U.S. is the St. John’s River in Florida, which flows north for about 300 of its 315 miles. But it’s attainable that Edison, a northern boy, was considering of the 2nd longest north-flowing river, the 128-mile-prolonged Monongahela River, which commences around Fairmont, West Virginia, ahead of meeting up with the Allegheny in Pittsburgh, to become a significant headwater for the Ohio River. He almost certainly did not indicate the Willamette River in Oregon, which only flows north for its initial two miles.

Pencils Down!

Of the effectively more than five hundred younger males who took Edison’s test, only about 35 handed to his satisfaction (a score of 90% or higher). When a number of disgruntled rejects complained to the press, Edison refused to launch his inquiries and solutions, so the community had to rely mainly on the memory of his “victims” for the complete list. Publications subsequently began jogging “Edison pop quizzes,” and rival employers — fancying by themselves as exclusive as Edison — started conducting employment quizzes of their possess. Edison’s scientific conclusions on the matter?

“Only 2% of the individuals believe, as I gather from my questionnaire.”

What’s the most weird query you’ve been asked in an interview? Has the Sargasso Sea occur up?

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Each week Skip Kathleen gives hyperlinks to a assortment of stories about libraries, authors, and books. If there is some thing noteworthy really going on in your neighborhood library, depart us a comment!

A 3-D painting? Why yes, it’s accurate, and the subject is certainly worthy. You men Must look at this online video! (Warning: It autoplays.) Thanks to one hundred Scope Notes for the website link.
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Oh, how I do adore guides! And oh, how I do adore a adorable small purse. Finally—my two favored things (well, almost) blended! Etsy, I love you most of all.
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Have you acquired something to share with the community? Would you like to discover one thing from a grasp? Well, at one particular Utah library, you can be, or check out, a human ebook! This kind of a calme concept! What would you like to discuss to people about?
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Storm’s a-brewing, and you guys have to make a decision in which you stand: for tranquil libraries, or versus them?
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I hope all you flossers with children out there know The Gruffalo, a guide by Julia Donaldson. Examine it out and you’ll see why she is so fantastic, but below’s an additional purpose: She wrote a poem about England’s unlucky library closures that is certain to remember to.
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An additional week, yet another amazing use for aged books: as an iPod charger! A excellent way to highlight your beloved tale.
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I hope you all noticed Skip Cellania’s most recent round-up of bookstore cats. If you have been to any of these places and/or noticed these cats, please let me know in the comments!
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Do NOT mess with an individual studying the library newspaper. For genuine.
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Also, look at out for deer in the library! Certainly, even in DC! Caught on tape, no much less:

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And Toyotas! Our own Jason English sent me this image of his local library. (Fortunately nobody was harm!)

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Previous but not the very least, The Atlantic rounded up a slideshow of how some beloved youngsters’ textbooks ended up inspired. Is your favored on the record?

Thanks, as usually, for studying, and I will see you men next week with more library and literary tidbits!

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48GB of iPods


Picture by el frijole
i moved the line o’ iPods more than to the other aspect of my desk. listed here they are. from left to correct: Zephir, V3, iGuy, Arthur, Oscarpod

iPod touch applications house display pg two


Image by danieljohnsonjr
In reaction to a concern on the Dancing with Elephants family podcast (http://dwithe.com), listed here are some applications that I have on my iPod touch.

Freecycling cables, ipod stuff++


Image by juhansonin
Come and get it. All or absolutely nothing.
Totally free for in Boston add shipping exterior of place.

ipod add-ons:
* usb and firewire wall chargers
* dual firewire/usb cables
* fobs (http://www.geeks.com/facts.asp?invtid=A1018&ampcat=MP3)
* belkin imic
* cradles
* ear buds
* belkin light attachment

cables:
* usb extenders
* usb to camera usb
* usb to printer

power+adapters
* firewire six port (belkin)
* linksys four port router
* multi usb adapters

other
* contour movie editing usb
* usb mice
* sony ericson phone cradle, chargers, earbuds
* 40′ of coax
* strength cords
* one/8&quot audio cables (1, 2, and 3x)
* ethernet cables
* svideo cables
* x10 3-product setup
and much more…

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The First World War was an unprecedented catastrophe that killed hundreds of thousands and set the continent of Europe on the path to additional calamity two years later. But it didn’t occur out of nowhere.

With the centennial of the outbreak of hostilities coming up in 2014, Erik Sass will be seeking back again at the lead-up to the war, when seemingly slight moments of friction accumulated till the predicament was ready to explode. He’ll be covering those gatherings a hundred several years after they occurred. This is the fifth installment in the collection.

February 8-12, 1912: The Haldane Mission

With tensions mounting in Europe, the British authorities attempted to head off an arms race with Germany by way of diplomacy – especially, a proposal which would restrict the amount of ships each sides could build. The British overture was delivered by Secretary of Condition for War Richard Burdon Haldane (pictured, holding hat) throughout a solution check out to Kaiser Wilhelm II in Berlin from February 8-twelve, 1912.

There’s no question Germany’s naval construction system place it on a collision program with Britain’s Royal Navy. The world’s preeminent sea electrical power, Britain relied on its substantial navy to safeguard its far-flung colonial empire and promise its security versus European aggression. Britain’s placement as an island nation protected by a significant navy meant it could keep away from spending a great deal of money on a significant standing army in peacetime, in contrast to continental powers like Germany, France, and Russia. But it also designed the British were added-delicate to any try to generate a rival naval energy – which is specifically what Germany set out to do.

Underneath the belligerent Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany prepared to create a higher seas fight fleet that would ultimately be capable to contest British naval supremacy in the seas close to Europe. Start in 1908 this integrated an intensive development software for “dreadnoughts” – the most powerful vessels then afloat, very first presented by Britain in 1906, equivalent to aircraft carriers these days.

Soon after building 8 modern day dreadnoughts from 1908-1910, Germany extra a few in 1911 and one more two in 1912, with no intention of stopping there. In fact, by 1914, Germany would have 17 contemporary dreadnoughts in provider, when compared to Britain’s 29 – and would be on training course to surpass the British navy sometime about 1920, if building ongoing as planned.

The British certainly felt the stress, and released a new naval construction program to make certain the Royal Navy managed its margin of superiority about the German navy: spending on new ships rose from £7.four million in 1908-1909 to £9.six million in 1909-1910, and £13.1 million in 1910-1911. Meanwhile about the same time period shelling out on the rest of the navy, including functions and servicing, jumped from £32.2 million to £40.four million.

The naval expansion place sizeable strain on the finances, prompting First Sea Lord Winston Churchill to warn: “There is no prospect of steering clear of boosts in the future… unless the period of time of acute naval rivalries… comes to an finish.” On that notice Churchill condemned the naval arms race as “folly, pitiful folly,” incorporating that “concerted effort to arrest it or modify it must definitely rank between the initial of worldwide obligations.”

Slowing Down the Arms Race

It was in this context that Haldane tried to persuade the German govt to acknowledge voluntary, bilateral boundaries on dreadnought building. But his check out to Berlin arrived to absolutely nothing, as Kaiser Wilhelm II – with his normal diplomatic finesse and impeccable timing – had picked to present an formidable new naval development bill to the Reichstag the day before Haldane arrived.

No matter whether or not it was deliberately supposed to spike the British negotiations, the new naval monthly bill was practically absolutely part of a lengthy-phrase technique to extract even more concessions from the British government. The German govt, which includes Kaiser Wilhelm II and his advisors, thought that the naval arms race would at some point force Britain to consent to a sweeping “grand bargain,” basically allowing Germany to dominate Europe in return for a German promise not to interfere with Britain’s abroad colonial possessions.

However this method was based on a severe misunderstanding of British motivations: although it was undoubtedly vital to maintain on to the empire, it was equally important to retain a equilibrium of energy in Europe. Primarily based on its historical experience, Britain merely couldn’t afford to permit a solitary nation dominate Europe, as France had underneath Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte, with disastrous effects for Britain. German incomprehension of this guiding theory of British plan was however one more element pushing the continent towards war.
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Viewers involved in attending activities commemorating the Very first Globe War might want to visit the site of the Flanders Property, the official cultural place of work of Belgium in the United States.

Previous entries in the Entire world War I Centennial collection:

The Treaty of Berlin (November 4, 1911)
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Councils of War (January twelve, 1912)
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The Socialist Menace (January twenty five, 1912)
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A lot more Guns and Ships for Germany (February 7, 1912)

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